![]() Thus, CSF measurements may provide useful biomarkers for brain leptin and POMC activity. OW/OB however, plasma AgRP was higher in lean subjects ( P = 0.001) and correlated negatively with BMI, adiposity, leptin, insulin, and HOMA ( P < 0.005). OW/OB subjects ( P < 0.001) and correlated negatively with CSF leptin ( r = −0.60, P < 0.001) and with plasma leptin, insulin, BMI, and adiposity. ![]() CSF sOB-R was 78-fold lower than in plasma and correlated negatively with plasma and CSF leptin. The relative amount of leptin transported into CSF declined with increasing BMI, ranging from 4.5 to 0.52%, consistent with a saturable transport mechanism. CSF leptin was 83-fold lower than in plasma and correlated strongly with BMI, body fat, and insulin. ![]() ![]() POMC was measured since the POMC prohormone is the predominant POMC peptide in CSF and correlates with hypothalamic POMC in rodents. This study characterized leptin, POMC, and AgRP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 47 healthy human subjects, 23 lean and 24 overweight/obese (OW/OB), as related to BMI, adiposity, plasma leptin, soluble leptin receptor (s-OB-R), and insulin. Leptin and its neuronal targets, which produce proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), regulate energy balance.
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